JBoss.orgCommunity Documentation

Chapter 2. Installation and Configuration

2.1. Requirements
2.2. Structure of the source version
2.3. Building JGroups (source distribution only)
2.4. Logging
2.4.1. log4j2
2.4.2. log4j
2.4.3. JDK logging (JUL)
2.4.4. Support for custom logging frameworks
2.5. Testing your Setup
2.6. Running a Demo Program
2.7. Using IP Multicasting without a network connection
2.8. It doesn't work !
2.9. Problems with IPv6
2.10. Wiki
2.11. I have discovered a bug !
2.12. Supported classes
2.12.1. Experimental
2.12.2. Unsupported

The installation refers to version 3.x of JGroups. Refer to the installation instructions (INSTALL.html) that are shipped with the JGroups version you downloaded for details.

The JGroups JAR can be downloaded from SourceForge. It is named jgroups-x.y.z, where x=major, y=minor and z=patch version, for example jgroups-3.0.0.Final.jar. The JAR is all that's needed to get started using JGroups; it contains all core, demo and (selected) test classes, the sample XML configuration files and the schema.

The source code is hosted on GitHub. To build JGroups, ANT is currently used. In Section 2.3, “Building JGroups (source distribution only)” we'll show how to build JGroups from source.

The source version consists of the following directories and files:

  1. Download the sources from GitHub, either via 'git clone', or the download link into a directory "JGroups", e.g. /home/bela/JGroups.

  2. Change to the JGroups directory

  3. On UNIX systems use build.sh, on Windows build.bat: $> ./build.sh

  4. This will compile all Java files (into the classes directory).

  5. To generate the JARs: $> ./build.sh jar

  6. This will generate the following JAR files in the dist directory:

    • jgroups-3.x.y.jar - the JGroups JAR

    • jgroups-sources.jar - the source code for the core classes and demos.

  7. Now add the following directories to the classpath:

    1. JGroups/classes

    2. JGroups/conf

    3. All needed JAR files in JGroups/lib . To build from sources, the two Ant JARs are required. To run unit tests, the JUnit (and possibly Xalan) JARs are needed.

  8. To generate JavaDocs simple run $> ./build.sh javadoc and the Javadoc documentation will be generated in the dist/javadoc directory

  9. Note that - if you already have Ant installed on your system - you do not need to use build.sh or build.bat, simply invoke ant on the build.xml file. To be able to invoked ant from any directory below the root directory, place ANT_ARGS="-find build.xml -emacs" into the .antrc file in your home directory.

  10. For more details on Ant see http://jakarta.apache.org/ant/.

JGroups has no runtime dependencies; all that's need to use it is to have jgroups.jar on the classpath. However, for logging, this means the JVM's logging (java.util.logging) is used.

However, JGroups can use any other logging framework. By default, log4j and log4j2 are supported if the corresponding JARs are found on the classpath.

To use (log4j2), the API and CORE JARs have to be found on the classpath. There's an XML configuration for log4j2 in the conf dir, which can be used e.g. via -Dlog4j.configurationFile=$JGROUPS/conf/log4j2.xml.

log4j2 is currently the preferred logging library used by JGroups, and will be used even if the log4j JAR is also present on the classpath.

To use (log4j), the log4j JAR has to be found on the classpath. Note though that if the log4j2 API and CORA JARs are found, then log4j2 will be used, so those JARs will have to be removed if log4j is to be used. There's an XML configuration for log4j in the conf dir, which can be used e.g. via -Dlog4j.configuration=file:$JGROUPS/conf/log4j.properties.

To see whether your system can find the JGroups classes, execute the following command:

java org.jgroups.Version

or

java -jar jgroups-all.jar

You should see the following output (more or less) if the class is found:

$  java org.jgroups.Version

   Version:      3.0.0.Beta1
        

To test whether JGroups works okay on your machine, run the following command twice:

java -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true org.jgroups.demos.Draw

2 whiteboard windows should appear as shown in Figure 2.1, “Screenshot of 2 Draw instances”.


If you started them simultaneously, they could initially show a membership of 1 in their title bars. After some time, both windows should show 2. This means that the two instances found each other and formed a cluster.

When drawing in one window, the second instance should also be updated. As the default group transport uses IP multicast, make sure that - if you want start the 2 instances in different subnets - IP multicast is enabled. If this is not the case, the 2 instances won't 'find' each other and the example won't work.

You can change the properties of the demo to for example use a different transport if multicast doesn't work (it should always work on the same machine). Please consult the documentation to see how to do this.

State transfer (see the section in the API later) can also be tested by passing the -state flag to Draw.

If the 2 instances find each other and form a cluster, you can skip ahead to the next chapter ("Writing a simple application").

Sometimes there isn't a network connection (e.g. DSL modem is down), or we want to multicast only on the local machine. For this the loopback interface (typically lo) can be configured, e.g.

route add -net 224.0.0.0 netmask 240.0.0.0 dev lo

This means that all traffic directed to the 224.0.0.0 network will be sent to the loopback interface, which means it doesn't need any network to be running. Note that the 224.0.0.0 network is a placeholder for all multicast addresses in most UNIX implementations: it will catch all multicast traffic. This is an undocumented feature of /sbin/route and may not work across all UNIX flavors. The above instructions may also work for Windows systems, but this hasn't been tested. Note that not all systems allow multicast traffic to use the loopback interface.

Typical home networks have a gateway/firewall with 2 NICs: the first (eth0) is connected to the outside world (Internet Service Provider), the second (eth1) to the internal network, with the gateway firewalling/masquerading traffic between the internal and external networks. If no route for multicast traffic is added, the default will be to use the fdefault gateway, which will typically direct the multicast traffic towards the ISP. To prevent this (e.g. ISP drops multicast traffic, or latency is too high), we recommend to add a route for multicast traffic which goes to the internal network (e.g. eth1).

Make sure your machine is set up correctly for IP multicast. There are 2 test programs that can be used to detect this: McastReceiverTest and McastSenderTest. Start McastReceiverTest, e.g.

java org.jgroups.tests.McastReceiverTest

Then start McastSenderTest:

java org.jgroups.tests.McastSenderTest

If you want to bind to a specific network interface card (NIC), use -bind_addr 192.168.0.2, where 192.168.0.2 is the IP address of the NIC to which you want to bind. Use this parameter in both sender and receiver.

You should be able to type in the McastSenderTest window and see the output in the McastReceiverTest. If not, try to use -ttl 32 in the sender. If this still fails, consult a system administrator to help you setup IP multicast correctly. If you are the system administrator, look for another job :-)

Other means of getting help: there is a public forum on JIRA for questions. Also consider subscribing to the javagroups-users mailing list to discuss such and other problems.

Another source of problems might be the use of IPv6, and/or misconfiguration of /etc/hosts. If you communicate between an IPv4 and an IPv6 host, and they are not able to find each other, try the -Djava.net.preferIP4Stack=true property, e.g.

java -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true org.jgroups.demos.Draw -props /home/bela/udp.xml

The JDK uses IPv6 by default, although is has a dual stack, that is, it also supports IPv4. Here's more details on the subject.

There is a wiki which lists FAQs and their solutions at http://www.jboss.org/wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=JGroups. It is frequently updated and a useful companion to this user's guide.

If you think that you discovered a bug, submit a bug report on JIRA or send email to the jgroups-users mailing list if you're unsure about it. Please include the following information:

  • Version of JGroups (java org.jgroups.Version)

  • Platform (e.g. Solaris 8)

  • Version of JDK (e.g. JDK 1.4.2_07)

  • Stack trace. Use kill -3 PID on UNIX systems or CTRL-BREAK on windows machines

  • Small program that reproduces the bug

JGroups project has been around since 1998. Over this time, some of the JGroups classes have been used in experimental phases and have never been matured enough to be used in today's production releases. However, they were not removed since some people used them in their products.

The following tables list unsupported and experimental classes. These classes are not actively maintained, and we will not work to resolve potential issues you might find. Their final faith is not yet determined; they might even be removed altogether in the next major release. Weight your risks if you decide to use them anyway.